FIFA are the sole arbiters of the Laws of the Game and have issued a publication which you can download from 'Related Documents' to explain these all in great details.
There are 17 Laws of the Game, including: the field of play; the ball; the number of players; the players’ equipment; the referee; the assistant referees; the duration of the match; the start and restart of play; the ball in and out of play; the method of scoring; offside; fouls and misconduct; free kicks; the penalty kick; the throw-in; the goal kick; the corner kick; procedures to determine the winner of a match; the technical area; the fourth official and the reserve assistant referee; interpretation of the laws of the game and guidelines for referees; rules of the international football association board.